Internal-combustion engine.



' S. LAKE. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLIOATION mum MAILZI, 1911.

1,026,871. Patented May 21, 1912.

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APPLICATION FILED MAB..21,1911.

1,026,871. PatentedMay21, 1912.

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APPLICATION FILED MAB. 81,1911.

1,026,871. Patentd May 21, 1912. j

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S. LAKE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 81,1911.

Patented May 21, 1912.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..21, 1911.

Patented May 21, 1912.

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- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' I APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21, 1911. 1,026,871 Patented May 21, 1912.

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' S LAKE. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. 7 APPLICATION FILED MAB. 21,1911. v

Patented May 21, 1912.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 11:13.21, 1911.

illllllllll UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SIMON LAKE, OF MILFORD, CONNECTICUT.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

One of the important elements'of a successfully operating internal combustion engine is provision for a complete scavenging of the power cylinder of the products of combustion after each stroke of the piston.

As is well known the two-cycle engine is not as economical of fuel as the. four-cycle engine owing to the more mperfect scavenging of the cylinders of the two-cycle type- I have found in my experimental work with the two-cycle engine that it is an advantage to have a greater quantity of scavenging air than it is possible to obtain by the constructions of this type of engines now in common use where the lower end of the powerpiston acts as a compression piswill not explodev at, the prop ton to draw a quantity of air into the base of the engine, there compress it and finally allow the compressed air to escape into the power end of the cylinder the moment of or immediately after theopening of the exhaust so asto drive out the products of combustion and to recharge the cylinder withfresh .air for mixture with the gas .injected into the cylinder to formthe combustible charge. Unless the cylinder is thoroughly scavenged the following charges er time, and

" hence the engine will miss firing and back fire, thereby resulting in a loss of fuel. I have also found it possible'to use heavy low grade oils in low pressure engines by providing for a thorough mixing of .the oil with acertain quantity of fresh compressed air and the conversion of the oil and the air into a rich gaseous mixture before being admitted into'the power cylinder by injecting the oil in a finely' divided state into a hot furnace or u pon-a hot plate by and along with a cert-am quantity of compressed air, where the oil is heated and the va ors there- .from are mixed with the air an thus converted into a rich gaseous mixture that is,

in turn, converted into a combustible mixby the power piston working in the cylinder.

ture with the air in the cylinder when the mixture is compressed to a sufiicient degree The invention has for its object to pro- Specification of Letters Patent.

. Application flled' March 21, 1911. Serial No. 615,992.

PatentedMay21,19 12.

vided state; to provide means for injecting a the rich gas into the power cylinder by an additional quantity'of fresh air under pressure wherein the gas and the air are con-- verted into an explosive gas whichwill be ignited by the heat of the mixing chamber or furnace and the compression of the gas and air by the piston when the latter reaches the end of its return stroke; and to provide means for regulating the quant-itiesof oil and air injected into the mixing chamber or furnace and thus regulating the charge injected into the cylinder according to the speed at or load under which the engine is working.

Wit-h these objects in view the invention comprises certain novel features of construction and peculiar combinations and arrangements of parts as will be hereinafter fullydescribed and then claimed.

' In the accompanying drawings, illustrat ing the invention, in the several figures of which like partsare similarly designated, Figure 1 is a side elevation of anengme embodying my improvements, the pump and its attachments forsupplying air to the base of the engine and to the air chamber for the storage ofthe air used for injecting the fuel into the power cylinder being removed in order to clearly show the oil and air injector and its connections. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the upper end of the power cylinder illustrating the lever the valve controlling the communication be tween the mixing chamber or furnace and the power cylinder. Fig. 3 is a partial lon-v gitudinal section of the engine. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the upper end I of the power cylinder and the oil and air injectordrawn on the line 44 of Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is.

a horizontal section drawn on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4. Fi' 6 is a horizontal section drawn on a slightly larger scale through the exhaust ports of the c linder on the line 6-6' of Fig. 3. Fig. is a similar view piston 4 operating .trolling valves and the oil overflow control-' Fig. 13 is a horizontal section the oil receiving Fig. 14: is an inling valve. drawn through the air and chambers of the injector.

verted plan view partly in section of the injector. Fig. 15 is a detail vertical section illustrating the valves for controlling the admission of air to the air receiving chamber of the injector and for controlling the escape of 'air from said chamber to the power cylinder of the engine. Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the lever that operates theoil the air inlet valve. Fig. 17 is a perspective view'of thebase of the injector. Fig. 18 is a perspective view of the bracket to which the levers are pivoted. Fig. 19-.is a perspectiye view of the sliding-cam bar. Fig. 20 shows in perspective the levers for operating the valves controlling the admission of the oil and the air to the power cylinder. Fig. 21

is a perspective view of the wedge-shape arm against which the last mentioned levers engage. Fig. 22 is a perspective view of the contacting blocks carried by the cam bar. Fig. 23 is a vertical section of the upper end of the power cylinder illustrating a slightly different-form of fuel injector- Fig. 24 is a horizontal section drawn on the line 251 -24 of Fig. 23. Fig. 25 is. a vertical transverse section on aslightly larger scale drawn through the fuel injector on the line 25-25 of Fig. 23. Fig. 26 is aface view of the form of injector shown in. Figs. 23, 24 Y and 25; Fig. 27 is a side view of one of the valve operating levers. Fig.-. 28 is a plan view of same. i I 1 designates the' water jacketed power cylinder of the engine mounted upon a suitable air-tight base 2 in which is journaled the crank shaft 3 that is connected to the in the power cylinder by In the side walls of the a connecting rod 5.

cylinder 1 area series of exhaust ports '6 as to be uncovered bywhich are so located the piston when it reaches the end'ofits power stroke to permit thesescape of the products of combustion from the cylinder. The exhaust ports lead into anannular exhaust' chamber 7 formed upon the outer walls of the cylinder and has a. pipe 8 connected thereto to carry off the combustion products.

scale drawn on the inlet valve, the overflow valve and.

with a series of air inlet ports 9 which lead lar air passage walls below the exhaust chamber 7 and which communicates with the interior of the base 2 through a passage 11. The air inlets 9 are designed to register with air passages. 12 formed in the upper end of the piston 4 and extending inwardly toward the with a centrally disposed opening 12 formed in the end of the piston and which communicates with the power endof the cylinder so that as the piston reaches the end of its power stroke the air that has been compressed in the base on said stroke will rush' into the power end of the cylinder and .drive out all of the remaining products of combustion that have been left in the cylinthusthoroughly scavenging the cylinder before the next fuel chargeis admitted, The base is 13 that-1s controlled valve 14. In. order to supply the base with a greater quantity of scavenging air" than can be drawn in through the valve opening 13 through the upward movement of the piston 4 I propose to force air into the base by the present illustration as a Root blower which I consider suitable sionengines but a suitable high pressure air pump may beused in conne'ction'with high pressure engines. As shown the pump 15' is operated by a chain and sprockets geared. to the crank-shaft of the engine. The outlet of the pump opens into apipe 16 having a branch 16 thatfextends to a port 17 arranged in the cylinder which is so located that'it will be closed by the power piston during the last quarter of its power stroke thus allowing for a slight compression of the air that has been forced. into the base by the pump 15before the air inlet ports 9 have been uncovered thereby causing aponsiderable quantity of scavenging air to rush into the cylinder the mo; ment said ports-9 are'opened to thoroughly clean the cylinder before the exhaust ports are closed on the return stroke of piston. The upper end of the-cylinder is closed by a water-jacketed head '18 in the under-side of whichis formed a recess 19, preferably .'of the same diameter as the bore 0 the cylinder which is cut-01f from communication with said cylinder by means of a di- "vis'ional' plate.20 that ishelgl between the side of the rim of the head. 18 thus providing a chamber which I shall hereinafter refer Immediately below the exhaust ports 6 and out of vertical alinement thereto as "a mixing chamber or furnace. The plate 20 is formed with acentral opening center of the piston and communicating with; the walls of the cylinder are formed' der after the exhaust ports were first opened:

rovided with an air inlet openingby an inwardly opening.

for low compreswalls and' upper end of the cylinder and the lower into the cylinder and extend from an annu-.

10 formed upon the outermeans of a suitable air pump 15 shown 1n 21 in which is held the lower end of a valve casing 22 whose lower end is ground to provide a valve seat for an inwardly opening spring seated valve 23. The stem of the valve extends upwardly through the valve caslng and has 1ts outer end surrounded by a sprin .23 that is held between the top-of the stu ng box surrounding the valve stem and a collar held-on said stem so as to normally hold the valve 23 up against its seat. The lower end of the valve casing is formed with a recess 24.- which communlcates' with the chamber 19 through anopening 24 formed in the wall of the casing and the plate 20 is formed with an upwardly extending'rib 20 that starts from one vertical ed e of the opening 24 and is extended around the closed portion of the valve casing to the opposite vertical edge of the .opening where the rib branches olf tangentially toward the side of the recess forming the chamber 19. thus forming a semicircular passage in and around the chamberfor the pur ose of. insuring the thorough heating of t e air and oil injected into the chamber and the complete conversion thereof into a rich gaseous mixture before being forced into the power cylinderf The valve 23 is operated by a lever23 which is pivoted intermediate its ends to a bracket extending from the cylinder head 18 and the outer end of the lever is connected by a connecting rod 24 which is engaged by an operating cam'25 carried by the crank-shaft 3. The head 18 is formed with an air inletport 18 that extends into communicates with a compressed air receiv-v the mixing chamber 19 and its outer end ing chamber 19 that is secured to the head 18 and is connected to the pipe 16 of the air-pump 1 5. An inwardly opening spring seated valve" controls the passage between the pipe 16 and the air chamber 19', and a spring seatedv valve 23 controls the passage through the port 18', the valve 23 being operatively connected to the-leyer 23" by means of a lever 23" whereby the valves 23 and 23 areopened simultaneously. I

27 designates the fuel injector of the engine which isconnected to the head of the 1 engine in any suitable manner. The rectangular base or casing 27 of the injector is formed .with a cylindrical bore 28, that forms an air-chamber, and with a similan bore 29 of smaller diameter than the bore 28, that forms an oil chamber, the latter chamber being connected to-the air chamber 28 by an angular passage 30 that is controlled by a needle'valve 31 extending up: wa'rdly through the base 27.

32 designates an air inlet passage into the air chamber 28 to the outer endof which is connected an air supplypipe 33 that extends from. a suitable high compression pump (not shown) which maybe geared leading to the power shaft of the engine or may be run by separate operating means as de-' sired, and by which an under high pressure. is forced into the air chamber 28. The air passage is controlled by a needle valve'34 that extends downwardly through the top of the base 27 Fuel oil is led into the oil chamber 29 through a passage 35 which is controlled by a needle valve 36 arranged ad- 'jacent to the valve 34; and also extended down through the top of the base, and to the outer end of this passage is connected a pipe 37 that'extends from a suitable source -of supply which may be a tank (not shown) when it is convenient to lead the oil into the chamber by gravity, but which may be take pipe 38 that extends to a suitable receiving tank (not shown)" and a needle valve 39 controls the overflow passage and is also extended down through the'top of the base adjacent to and is operated simultaneously with the valve-36 as will be hereinafter explained.

Directly opposite the inner end of the passage 30.is an outlet 40 leading from the oil chamber 29 and connecting with an angular passage 111 that extends through,

the base and through a nipple 512 formed integral with said base, and communicating with a port 43 formed in the cylinder head thatcommunicates with the mixing chamber'or furnace 19. The outer end of the port 43 is enlarged to receiye the nipple 42 which is held therein in an airtight manner. The outlet 40 is controlled by a valve 44 that extends upwardly through the base" 27 and the stem of the valve immediately below the upper end or head is reduced in diameter to provide an annular recess with which the outlet passage 41 communicates. An air conducting pipe 46 is held in the lower endof the air passage 30 and forms a continuation thereof and is projected through the oil chamber 29 and ex-V tended into the outlet 40 so that when the air passage 30 and the outlet 40 are opened the oil in the oil chamber will be withdrawn from said chamber by and along with the escaping air and the oil thus sprayed into the mixingchamber 19 in a thoroughly disintegrated con ition as from an atomizer. In order to pc lit the ready escape of the 'oil from the oil chamber 29 when the valves 39 and 44am 0 ened I. provide the pipe 46, immediately a jacent to the "top of the chamber 29, with an aperture 46 to permit the-escape into the said chamber of a small quantity of the compressed air passing I through the pipe thus avoidingjthe creation is being withdrawn therefrom.

of a vacuumwithin the chamber as the oil The stems of all of the aforesaid valves operate in short sleeves or casings 47 con-- nected to or formed with the base and .through caps 48 closing the outer ends of said casings.

' opening or slot 50* in the upper end of the bracket arm 50 and in a cam groove 52! formed in the upperinner side of a vertically movable cam rod 53 slidingly retalned in a guide slot 54 formed in the outer vertical face of the bracket arm so that. as the cam rod 53 is moved downwardly the .cam surface of the'groove 52 will engage the idle roller 52 and elevate the outer end of the lever 49 to simultaneously open the valves 36 and 39 to permit the refilling of the oil .chamber,'and also the valve 34 to permit the recharging of the air chamber 28. p 4

As shown the lever 49 is provided with laterally extending pins thatare projected through -slotsN formed in the stems of the valves 34, 36 and 39 so that when the outer end of the lever is elevated the valves will be lifted from their seats and in order to insure the tight seating of the valves I make the slots in the stems of the valves 34 and 36 slightly larger in diameter than the pins. extending from the lever and extend the stems of these valves upwardly through a guide plate 34,which is arranged 3 above the top of the base-27 and supported by studs extending from said base, and surround the stems with expansion springs 36' which are interposed between they lower sideof the guide plate and c lars formed on said stems so that'the valves will be positively and closely seated themoment the lever is lowered. 5. w a f j To inwardly extending ears formed on the lower end of--thev bracket arm .50 are pivoted the inner ends of two levers and 56 to which are connected the stems offthe. valves 31 and 44 respectively, that control.

-' the admission of the air and the fuel oil to' the mixing chamber 19. The outerfends' of thelevers 55 and 56 are connected 'to the outer end of the lever 49. by means of a spring 494, whose function is to draw the outer ends of the levers'together and thus hold the valves to their seats, the levers 55 and being connected by a crbss bar 55' to which the spring is connected and this bar has its ends held in rocking bearings carried by the said levers sons to allow for a slight independent movement of said levers to insure the positive seating of the valves 31 and 44 when the levers are releasedfromtheir operating devices which I will now describe.

The inner. ends of the levers 55 and 56 are formed with extensions 57 which rest upon ate its ends to the side of the power cylinder and the wedge-shape members of the arm are held into contact with the inner ends of the levers 55 and 56 by means of a spring 61" which is connected to the extreme outer. end of the arm 58 and to the lever 60 which constantly draws the outer endof the arm downwardly and elevates the opposite end to hold the wedge-shape members into engagement with the inner ends of the levers 55 and 56. The lever 60 ,and consequently thearm 58 are held in their adjusted positions by a locking dog 62 carried at the handle end of the lever 60 and which en-- gages .a .rack bar 62 secured to the cylinder 1 The purpose of interposing a wedge'-,.

ta'cting blocks and the inner ends of the levers 55 and 56 is to permit'the introductlon of the oil and the air into. the mixipg chamber 19 of the power cylinder 'atd1f-' ferent points or degrees of the cycle of the power piston and itwill be. readily ap parent that if the lever 60 is adjusted so that the widestportions of the wedgashape members will rest against the inner ends of the levers 55 and 56 the latter will be operated at an earlier point on the upstroke of the cam rod 53 than if a narrower'po'rtion of the members were adjusted inthe path'of the blocks thusopening the valves 31 and 44 to permit the introduction of the fuel into the mixing chamber or furnace immediately after the beginning of the power stroke of the piston or when the piston "has traveled about 5 degrees -of.its-

'cycle. The-upperend of the lever 60 is polnteel to form 'an indeX'finger-whichoperates over a dial plate 63 upon whichis indicated the first thirty degrees of the cycle of the piston whereby it may be readily ascertained at what point or degree of the stroke of the pisttin the fuel is being ad-. m tted into mixing chamber or! furnace 19. Connected to thelower end of the cam bar 53 and forming a continuation thereof,

is a rod 64 to the lower end of which is connected the outer end of a lever 65 car- 'ried by a rock shaft 66 that is journaled in this casing and in said chamber 29 is a the injector which is sopposite end is pivotally coimected to 'the upper'end ofa lever 69 that is pivoted to the side of-the base 2 in position to be engaged by a double cam surface disk 70 carried by the crank-shaft 3. The rod (54 1 0 and its operated parts are held in, one ,posi-, tion by an expansion spring 64 that :sur-

rounds the rod and bears between a guide bracket 64 and a collar held on said. rod as shown.

Extending from the outer end of the air chaniber 28 is a cylindrical casing 71 that forms an extension of the chamber and fitted within this' casing and in said chamber is a plunger piston 72 'havin a threaded stem 73 that works through a t readed collar formed on the outer end of the casing. The outer end of the stem is squared to receive a wrench or operating wheel for revolving the stem and its piston to move the latter in or out in the chamber 28 to vary the'size of the latter and consequently regulate the amount of com ressed air to be let into the mixing cham er or furnace 19. A cylindrical casing 74 also forms an ex tension of the oil chamber 29 and operating plunger piston 75 that has its outer end connected to the free end of a lever 76 carried at the upper end of'a rock-shaft 77 whose opposite or lower end is operatively connected to the disk 80 0f a suit-able governor operated by the fly-Wheel of the engine. By thus connecting the plunger piston 75 it will be readily apparent that the size of theoil chamber is automatically regulated to vary the quantity of. oil let into the mixing chambertorfurnace according to the speed ofthe engine or the load under which it is working.

In Figs. 23 to 28, both inclusive, I show a slightly different form of fuel injector, and one that is particularly adapted for ,use with a single cylinder engine, m'which 1 the air chamber 28 ofthe first described 50 form is omitted andthe compressed air is led direct from the air supply through the chamber 291-170 the injector. Referring to Figs. 23 to 28, designates the base of provided with a horizontally arranged cylindrical bore 101 that forms an oil chamber in which is fitted a" .plunger pistonof similar construction and operation to" that described with respect to the plunger piston 75. Extending upwardly through'the base. and leading. into the oill-chamber is an oil feed passage 102 to the outer end of which is connected an oil feed pipe103 that extends from any suitable source of oil supply .(not shown).' 65 Leading from the chamber 101 is an .over-,

flow passage 105 to the outer end of which s connected an off -take pipe 106 that empties into a suitable receiving tank (not shown). Needle valves 107 and 108, respectively, control the passages through the oil inlet 102 and the oil overflowpassage 105. The stems of the valves are extended through one side of the base and have their extended port-ions provided with flanged collars 107 that are engaged by operating levers 1'09 carried by a sleeve 110 that is-journaled between parallel arms 111 extending from the adjacent side of the base and the valves are normally held to their seats by springs 112 that surround the outer ends of the valve stems and which are interposed between the said flanged collars and the outer ends of the said arms 111 which latter also (in vertical alinement therewith is an air, inlet port or passage 1.15 in the lower end of which is held the .upper end of a short pipe section 116 which extends across the oil chamber 101 and has its lower end projected into the upper end of the outlet 113. The pipe 116 is formed with a small opening 117 to permit a small uantity of air to enter the oil chamber w en theoil is withdrawn, and to the outer end of the port or passage is connected a-com ressed air supply pipe 118 that'extends rom a' suitable compressed air supply (not shown). Needle valves 119 and 120 control the'outlet 11 3 and the air inlet port- 115, respectively, and the stems of these valves are extended through the side of the base opposite to thevalve stems 107 and 108 and the said valves 119 and'120 have their stems provided with collars-121 that are formed with grooves to receive the outer ends of o crating lever arms 122 that are carried y a sleeve 123 journaled' between parallel armsextendin irom the endof thebase through which t e stems of the valves 119 and 120 protrude and like the valves 107 and 108 the valves 119*and 120 are normally "held 'to their seats by springs 125 as shown. The sleeves 110 and 123 'are formed with outwardly extending levers 126 which are connected by a connecting rod 127 to one end of which is connected a lever 128 extending from a rock shaft 129 that is operated by a cam similar to that shown in the first construction of injector described. The oil chamber 101 is also provided with a plunger iston for regulating the size of the cham er which is of substantially the same construction and operation as the plunger piston working in the oil chamber 29 of the injector 27 is of substantially 2o shape members 25T which and a further (description of its construc tion and operation is thought unnecessary. From the foregoing it will be clearly seen that'the injector shown in Figs. 23 to 28 the same construction and operation as the injector 27 and a more detailed description of its construction is thought unnecessary.

The operation of the engine is as follows:

0 Assuming the engine to be running and that the divisional plate 20 has become hot from the previous explosions in the cylinder and also that a charge of fuel has just been ignited 'to drive the'piston on its power stroke. .As the piston begins its power stroke and the crank-shaft is revolved the cam 70 will operate the lever 69 to lift the cam bar 53 and cause the-contacting'blocks 5.9 to engage the undersides of the wedgeof the arm 58 which in turn lift the inner ends of the levers 55"and 56 and lower their outer ends to open; the

'- valves 31 and 44 which allows the compressed air to escape through the outlet 40 draws the oil from the oil chamber 29 and sprays it in athoroughly disintegrated condition into the mixing chamber or furnace 19 and onto the plate where the oil is heated and converted into a'vapor. 30 and mixed with the'air to form a rich gaseous mixture and where the mixture is held until the piston is on its return stroke. Upon a further movement of the cam 70 -the lever will be released whenthe spring 64 will force the cam bar 53 downwardly,

allowing the valves 31 and 44 to be reseated,

and upon a further movement of the cam the lever-'69 will engae a recess m in the cam which permits a slightly further down- 40 ward movement of the cam bar so. as to bring the cam sur face of the slot 52 in the cam rod to engage the roller carried by the lever 49 and thus lift the outer end of the lever to open the valves 34, 36 and 39 to rechargethe air chamber 28 and the oil chamber 29, then when the cam is further revolved the cam bar will be againpartially .elevated toallow the valves 34, 36 and 39. to be reseated. "Now during part of the 5 0 power strbke of the piston air will be forced into the base 2 by the pump or blower 15 and as the piston nears the end of itspower stroke the-inlet port from the blower will be cut off by the lower end of the piston when 5 the latter slightly compresses the air in the base 2. Now when the piston reaches the end of its stroke the exhaust ports 6 will be first uncovered by the upper end' of the piston which allows the escape of the prodnets and then the air that has been compressed in the base will escape into the cyl inder through the ports 9 in thecylinder walls and through thepassages in the piston which drives-out all of the remaining particles of combustion and A replenishes the cylinder 'with fresh clean air. After the communication between the air pump 15 andthe base 2 has been cut off the air from the pump will be forced into the chamber 19' and into the mixing chamber or furnace 19. where it is highly heated and mixed with the rich gas in said chamber or furnace,

then upon a further return movement of the piston and before. the pressure in the cylinder exceeds that in the chamber 19, the valves 19" and-23 will be opened by the operating cam 25' when the gas in the chamber 19 will be forced into the power cylinder by the com ressed air in the-chamber 19 where the gas and the air in the cylinder will be compressed during the return stroke of the piston and converted into a the piston combustible mixture by the time Thereupon reaches the end of its stroke;

the mixture is instantly ignited by the 'heat of the plate 2t) and the compression within the cylinder to drive the piston on its next power stroke.

From the foregoing'it will be seen that I provide an exceedingly simple and highly efiicient engine whose prlnciple may be car- 'ried out with equal efliciency either with the low pressure engine or with the high pressure engine as it will be understood that it is only necessary to increase the pressure of the air for forcing the fuel oil into the mixing chamber or furnace and into the cylinder when the injector is used in connection with high; pressure engines. It may be 'stated here that when the injector is usedin multiple cylinder engines I propose to use the construction shown'with theair chamber 28 as it requires only one compression pump to furnish the compressed air to all of j the injectors whereas with a single cylinder engine the air used for forcing the oil into 'the .mlxing chamber may be supplied direct )fIQIIl the pump and the air chamber 28 thus dispensed with. I desire it understood that I do not limit myself to the details of construction shown or to the arrangement of the several parts of the engine as slight modifications or alterations may be made without departing from the spirit of the.

1. 'An internal combustion engine, comport and an air inlet port in the power end prising a power'cylinder having an exhz'u st thereof, an air-tight.,.base upon which the 3 cylinder .15 mounted communicating with said air inlet port, a power .piston working.

in said cylinder, a crank-shaft mounted in said base, a connecting rod connecting said piston and crankshaft, a mixing chamber at .one end of said power cylinder and com; municating therewith, a valve controlling the communication, means for injecting fuel ing air under pressure to, said mixing oil and air into said mixing chamber wherein the oil and air are converted lntoa gas by the heat of said chamber,'and a common means for supplying air to said base to be used for scavenging the power cylinder of the products of combustion and for supplyamber to force the gas therein into said power cylinder when the valve controlling the communication between said cylinder and said mixing chamber is open. i

2. An internal combustion engine, comprising a power cylinder having an exhaust port and an air inlet port, a power/piston working in said "power cylinder, an air-tight ,base upon which the cylinder is mounted, a

crank-shaft mounted in said base, a connecting rod connecting said power piston and crank-shaft, a passage connecting the base and the said air inlet port, a head having a recess in i'tslower side mounted upon said cylinder, a plate arranged between said cylinder and head to provide a chamber in the head, a valve controlled opening in said plate leadin into said cylinder, an in-- jectorfor supplying fuel oil and air to said chamber wherein the oil and air are converted into gas by the heat of said chamber, and a common means for supplying air to said base and to said chamber, for the purposes specified. I

3. An internalcombustion engine, comprising a power cylinder, a piston working therein, a base u on which the cylinder is mounted, a cran -shaft, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crank-shaft, a,

head having a recess in its lower side mounted up on the cylinder, a divisional'plate arranged between the cylinder and head providin a chamber in said head, a valve controlle opening in said plate leading into said cylinder, an-injector for forcing oil and air into said chamber against said plate and wherein the oil and air are converted into gas by the heat of said plate, means for opening said valve, and means for sup.-

1 plying air under pressure to said chamber to force the gas therein into said powercylmder when said valve 1s open. 4. An lnternal combustlon engine, comprising a power cylinder, a power.piston working therein, a baseupon which the cylinder 1s mounted, a crank-shaft, a con ecting rod connecting the piston and crankshaft, a head for said cylinder having a re-' cess in its lower side, a plate arranged between "the cylinder; and head forming a chamber 'insai'd head, a valve controlled opening in said plate, a rib formed upon to the side of the recess to provide a semicircular passage in said chamber, an injector for spraying oll-and a1r mto said semi-cir- 'cular passage in said chamber wherein the oil and air are converted into gas, means for opening the valve in said plate,,means for forcing air under pressure into said chamber to force the gas therefrom into the power cylinder, and means controlling the inlet of air to said chamber.

5.-'An internal combustion-engine, comprising a power cylinder having exhaust ports and air inlet ports in the wallsthereof, an air-tight base upon which the cylinder is mounted,'a passage connecting the base and said air inlet ports, a'piston working in'said cylinder controlling said ports, a crank-shaft mounted in the base, a connecting rod connecting the piston and shaft,

a head mounted upon the cylinder having a I for forcing scavenging air into said base and for supplying air under pressure to said fuel mixin chamber to drive the gases therefrom mto said power cylinder, and means controlling-the admission of air into said fuel mixing chamber. I

6. In an internal combustion engine, a power cylinder, an air-tight baseu on which the cylinder is mounted, means or effecting communicationbetween 'said base and the power end of said cylinder, an-air inlet near the lower end of said cylinder, an air pump connected to said air inlet for forcing scavenging air into said base, a piston working in said cylinder controlling the communication between said base and the power, end of the cylinder and the said air inlet, whereby the air that is forced into the base is compressed before it is admitted to said power cylinder, as specified, and means for admittin fuel to said power cylinder.

- 7. In com ination with an internal combustion engine having an air-tight base, a valved air inlet in said base through which air is drawn into the. base by and on the of the cylinder whereby a reater quantity of scavengin air is provi ed than can be draw into t e base by the vacuum created in said base by the return stroke I of the 125. the base through a port arranged in the wall power piston, said port being so located in the wall of the cylinder to be covered by the v power piston when it nears the end of its municating withsaid air inlet ports, a power piston working in said cylinder, a crank? shaft mounted in the base, a connecting rod connecting the shaft and piston, a mixing chamber communicating with the cylinder, an injectorfor forcing fuel oil and air into saidmixing chamber wherein the oil and air are converted into a gas, and a pump for supplying air to the base of the engine and for forcing the gas from said mixing chamber into said power cylinder.

.9. An internal combustion engine, comprising a power cylinder, at power piston working therein, a base upon which the cylinder is mounted, a crank-shaft operatively connected to said pisto a'mixing chamber communicating with said power cylinder, means to control saidcommunication where-. by said mixing chamber iscut off from said power cylinder during the power stroke of said piston, an injector having an oil chamber communicating with said mixing'cliam-r her, a valve controlling the communication between said oil chamber and saidmixi'ng chamber, an air passage in communication with said oil chamber and a valve for'controlling said passage, means to supply oil to said oil chamber, and means to supply airu-nder pressure to said-oil -chamber to force the oil therefrom into said mixing chamber wherein the oil and air are converted into gas, as specified. L

10. An internal combustion engine, coma .power' piston working therein, a base upon which the cylinder is mounted, a crank-shaft mounted in 'said base and connected to said piston, a, 50\

head mounted upon said cylinder having a recess in itslower side, a plate arranged between the upper end ofthe piston and said head providing a mixing chamber 'at the upper end'pf the cylinder and having an opening which establishes communication between said cylinder and said. mixing chamber, a valve for theopeningwhereby' communication between the 7 cylinder and the mixingchamber is cut off during he powenstroke' of said piston, an injector avingan oil chamber andca'n outlet leading from said chamber to said mixingchamber,

' a valve eontrolling said outlet, an oil supply for said oil chamber, and means to supply air under pressure to said oil cha-mberto withdraw the oil therefrom and spray it into'said mixing chamber.

11. Aninternal combustion engine, comprising a power cylinder, a power piston working therein, a cylinder is mounted, a crank-shaft mounted in the base, a connecting rod connecting the piston and *shaft, a head mounted upon the cylinder having a recess in its lower side, a plate arranged between'the upper end of the cylinder and. the plate. providing a fuel, mixing chamber withinthe head, said plate having an opening that establishes communication between the power end of the cylinder and the said chamber,"a valve-for'the' opening, an injector having an oil chamber and an outlet leading from said chamber to said fuel mixing chamber, a fuel oil inlet leading to said chamber, means to supply oil to said inlet, an air passage leading into said oil chamber, a pipeextendingfromthe said passage 'into the mouth-of the outlet, means for conducting air underpressure to base upon which the said air passage, and means for controlling prising a power cylinder, a power piston 'working therein, a

base upon which the cylinderis mounted, 'acrank-sha ft mounted in the base, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crank-shaft, a fuel mixing chamber communicatingwith"the-power cylinder,

means tocontrol the communication,-.an inector havlng an oil chamber and an outlet communicating with said fuel mixing. cham-.

ber, means to supply fuel oil to said oil chamber, an air passage extending into said oil chamber, a pipe extending from the inner end of said" passage through said oil'- ,chamber and having its end extending into said outlet, means to supply compressed air to said air passage, means to control said air-supply, and means for supplying air which the cylinder is mounted and with which it communicates, a crank-shaft under pressure to force the fuel from said mounted in said base, a connecting, rod con-.

mating the power iston/and crankshaft, a fuel mixing cham er communicating with the power cylinder, an injector having an oil chamber and an outlet leading from said oil-chamber-to said fuel mixing chamber, an air passage leading to said oil chamber, a pipe exten ing flrom 'the inner end, of said passage roug said oil chamber'and having its'lower end extended into the 'out-- let leading from 'said chamber, means-t0 supply air under pressure to said air pasber and force it into said fuel mixing chamber wherein the 011 and air are convertedsage towithdraw the oil from said oil chaminto gas, as specified, means to control the inlet of air to said oil chamber, and a common means for supplying air to said airtight base, for the pur oses specified, and for supplying air -to sai fuel mixing chamber to force the gas therefrom into said power cylinder.

14. An internal combustion engine, comprising a power cylinder, a power piston working therein, a base, upon which the cylinder is mounted, aj crank-shaft mounted in the base, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crank-shaft, a fuel mixing'chamber communicating with the power cylinder, means to control the communication, an in-v jector having an oil chamber and a comprhse'd air receiving chamber communicat ing with, said oil chamber, a valve controlling the communication between said oil and air chambers, said oil chamber havin an outlet that communicates with said fuemixing chamber, a valve controlling said outlet, meansto supply oil to said oil cham-, ber, means to control the inlet to said oil chamber, means to supply air under pressure, to said air receiving cham er, a valve controlling the admission of compressed air to said an receiving chamber, and means. for supplyin air under, pressure to said fuel mixing '0 amber to force the-fuel therefrom into said power cylinder.

15. An internal combustion engine, coinprising a power cylinder havingafuel mixlng chamber in the head thereof, a power; piston working in said cylinder,a base, 'a crank-shaft mounted in the base, a connect- -'i'ng rod connecting the piston and crank-' shaft," an injector having an oil chamber that communicates with-said fuel mixing chamber and a compressed air receiving munication, valve controlled supply passages leadlng to the oil and air receiving chambers, a valve controlled outlet lea-din from said oil chamber communicating wit said fuel mixing chamber, a valve controlled overflow leading from said oil chamber,,means operatively connected wit-h the crank-shaft of the engine for operating all of said valves, and means for supplying air to sald fuel mixing chamber to force the .fuel therefrom into'said power cylinder.

16 An internal combustion engine, com-' prising a power cylinder having a fuel mixing chamber in thehead thereof, a power a piston working in said cylinder, a base, a

crank-shaft mounted thereln, a connecting. rod'connecting said piston and shaft, means adapted to spray fuel oil and air' into said fuel mixing chamber wherein the oil and air are converted into gas, means controlling the admission of the gas into the power cylinder, means to supply air under pressure to force the gas from said fuel mixing cham-j said oil working in said cy inder controllin .ports, 'a crank-shaft mounted 1n sald ase, a

chamber communicating therewith, a valve controlling said communication, a power piston working 1n sald-cyllnder, a base, a

crank-shaft mounted in said base, a con- -necting rod connecting said piston vand crank-shaft, an injector for, spraying fuel oil and air into said fuel mixing chamber whereinthe oil and air are' converted into a rich gas, means to supply air under I ressure to force the gas from said mixingc amher into said power cylinder wherein the as and air are converted into ,a combusti le mixture which is ignited when compressed to ignition temperature by, the power piston, means to'supply fuel oil and means to supply air under pressure to' said injector valves controlling the admission of the oil and air into and from said injector, and means to, supply scavenging air to said power cylinder on each stroke of the power piston. y

18. An internal combustion engine comprising 'a power cylinder, a fuel mlxing chamber communicating therewith, a valve controlling said communication, a power piston working in said cylinder, a base, a crank-shaft mounted in said base, a connecting rod connecting said piston and crank-shaft, an injector adapted for spraying fuel oil and air into said mixing cham- ,bfi' wherein the oil and airare converted into a rich gas, means for forcing air under pressure into said mixing chamber to force I the gas therefrom into said power cylinder, and wherein the gas and air are converted into-"a combustible mixture which is ignited when compressed to ignition temperature,

means to supply fuel 011 and means to supply air under pressure said injector, means controlling the admission of the'oll and the air to said injector, means controlling the. admission of-"the oil and air into said mixing chamber, and means to supply sca-venging air to said power cylinder.

19. An internal combustion engine, comprising a power cylinder ha-vlng exhaust ports and air inlet ports in the walls thereof,

an aintightbase upon which the cylinder is mounted, a ssage connecting saidbase and said air 1 let orts, a power plSt/Ql mixing chamber wherein the, oil and air are means controlling the inlet of the oil and air into the injector, means controlling the inlet of the oil and air from the injector to said mixing chamber, a pump for forcing air into said base, for the purpose specified, and for supplying air under pressure to said fuel mixing chamber to drive the gas therefrom into-said power cylinder wherein the gas and air are mixed with the air in said power cylinder and converted into a combustible mixture which is ignited when. compressed to ignition temperature, and means for controlling the admission of the air and gas from said mixing chamber to said power cylinder. a 20. An internal combustion engine, comprising a power cylinder, a power piston working therein, a base, a crank-shaft mounted in said base, a connecting rod convncctlng the piston and crank-shaft, a fuel mixing chamber communicating with said power cylinder, an injector adapted for' forcing fuel oil and air into said fuel mixlng chamber whereln the 011 and air 'are converted into gas, said ln ector havmg an oil chamber and an air chamber, a valve controlled passage connecting said chambers, a valve controlled outlet leading from said oilchamber into said fuel mixing chamber,

I prising a means to supplyoil, and means to supply air under pressure to the respective chambers, valves controlling the inlets to said chambers, an overflow passage leading from said oilchamber, means for operating said valves as and for the purposes specified, and means for supplying air under pressure to said mixing chamber to force the gas therefrom into said power cylinder.

21. An internal combustion engine, compower cylinder" having exhaust ports and air inlet ports in the walls thereof, a power piston working in said cylinder and controlling said ports, "an air-tight base upon which the cylinder is mounted, channels connecting said base with said air inlet ports, a crank-shaft molinted in said base, a connecting rodfco'nnect-ing said piston and crank-shaft, a head arranged upon the cylinder having a recess in its lower side, a

plate arrangedvbetween the upper end of said cylinder and the head providing a fuel mixing chamber wlthin said head, an injector for forcing fuel oil and air into said fuel mixing chamber wherein the oil and air are converted into gas, said injector comprising ing from said oil chamber leading to said fuel mixing chamber, a valve controlling said outlet, a.p 1pe extending from the outlet of the passage arranged between said air and said oil chamber having its oppositeend extended into said outlet from said oil chamber, said pipe having an opening therein adj accnt to-the top of said oil chamber, a valve controlled overflow passage leading from said (Hi chamber, valve controlled passages leading into said oil and air chambers, means 'to supply fuel Oll to the passage leadlng into said oil chamber, and means to supply air under pressure to the passage leading into said air chamber, means operatively connected to the crank-shaft of the engine for operating all of said valves, as and for the'purposes specified, and an air pump opcratively connected to said crank-shaft for forcing air into said air-tight base and. for supplying air under pressure tosaid mixing chamber to force the gas therefrom into said power cylinder. g v

22. An internal combustion engine, comprising a,power cylindcr, apower piston working therein, a base, a crankshaft mounted in said base, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crank-shaft, a fuel mixing chamber communicating with said power cylinder, an injector adapted for spraying oil and air into said mixing chamber wherein the oil and air are converted into gas, said injector having an oil chamber and an air chamber, a valve controlled passage connecting said chambers, a valve controlled passage leading from said oil cham ber into said fuel mixing chamber, means to supply oil and means to supply air under pressure to" the respectix e chambers, valves controlling the inlets to said chambers, an overflow passage leading from said oil chamber, means operat-ively connected to said crank-shaft for operating all ofsaid valves, means for regulating the operation of the valves controlling the'passage between said oil and.

air may be injected into said fuel mixing air chambers and the outlet leading from said oil chamber whereby the oil and.

chamber at different points on the stroke of the power piston, air under pressure, to said fuel mixing chamber to drive the gases therefrom into said power cylinder. 7 I

23. A fuel injector for internal combustion engines, comprising a casing having an air chamber and an oil chamber, a valve controlled passage connecting said chambers, a valve controlled'outlet leading from said oil chamber, a valve controlled air passage leading .to said air chamber, inlet and overflow passages leading into and from said oil chamber, a pipe extending from the outlet end of the passage connecting said chambers through said oil chamber into said outlet, said pipe being of smaller diameter than said outlet and having an opening adjacent to the upper wall of said chamber, means to supply oil and means to supply air under pressure to the respective chambers, levers operatively connected to all and means for supplying valve controlled oil operating said sage leading into and a valve controlled overflow passage leading from said chamber, a valve controlled outlet leading from I said chamber, an air inlet passage, a pipe extending from said air inlet passage through said chamber and into said outlet, said pi e being of smaller diameter than said out 'et" and having an o ening therein adjacent to the upper wall 0 said chamber whereby air is admitted into said chamber as it passes through said pipe, necte to said valves, and means for operating said levers, means to supply oil to said chamber, and means to supply air under pressure to said air passage to withdraw the oil from said chamber when the valves controlling said air passage and said outlet are open.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of March, A. D. 1911.

SIMON LAKE.

Witnesses: I Tnos. E. LAKE, M. D. BLONDEL.

levers operatively co n-' 

